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Compare Saint Helena (2008) - Niue (2001)

Compare Saint Helena (2008) z Niue (2001)

 Saint Helena (2008)Niue (2001)
 Saint HelenaNiue
Administrative divisions 1 administrative area and 2 dependencies*; Ascension*, Saint Helena, Tristan da Cunha* none; note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 14 villages each with its own village council whose members are elected and serve three-year terms
Age structure 0-14 years: 18.7% (male 716/female 691)


15-64 years: 71.1% (male 2,755/female 2,608)


65 years and over: 10.2% (male 358/female 415) (2007 est.)
0-14 years:
NA%

15-64 years:
NA%

65 years and over:
NA%
Agriculture - products coffee, corn, potatoes, vegetables; timber; fish, lobster (on Tristan da Cunha); livestock coconuts, passion fruit, honey, limes, taro, yams, cassava (tapioca), sweet potatoes; pigs, poultry, beef cattle
Airports 1 (2007) 1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 1


over 3,047 m: 1 (2007)
total:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Area total: 413 sq km


land: Saint Helena Island 122 sq km; Ascension Island 90 sq km; Tristan da Cunha island group 201 sq km


water: 0 sq km
total:
260 sq km

land:
260 sq km

water:
0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Background Saint Helena is a British Overseas Territory consisting of Saint Helena and Ascension Islands, and the island group of Tristan da Cunha.


Saint Helena: Uninhabited when first discovered by the Portuguese in 1502, Saint Helena was garrisoned by the British during the 17th century. It acquired fame as the place of Napoleon BONAPARTE's exile, from 1815 until his death in 1821, but its importance as a port of call declined after the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869. During the Anglo-Boer War in South Africa, several thousand Boer prisoners were confined on the island between 1900 and 1903.


Ascension Island: This barren and uninhabited island was discovered and named by the Portuguese in 1503. The British garrisoned the island in 1815 to prevent a rescue of Napoleon from Saint Helena and it served as a provisioning station for the Royal Navy's West Africa Squadron on anti-slavery patrol. The island remained under Admiralty control until 1922, when it became a dependency of Saint Helena. During World War II, the UK permitted the US to construct an airfield on Ascension in support of trans-Atlantic flights to Africa and anti-submarine operations in the South Atlantic. In the 1960s the island became an important space tracking station for the US. In 1982, Ascension was an essential staging area for British forces during the Falklands War, and it remains a critical refueling point in the air-bridge from the UK to the South Atlantic.


Tristan da Cunha: The island group consists of the islands of Tristan da Cunha, Nightingale, Inaccessible, and Gough. Tristan da Cunha is named after its Portuguese discoverer (1506); it was garrisoned by the British in 1816 to prevent any attempt to rescue Napoleon from Saint Helena. Gough and Inaccessible Islands have been designated World Heritage Sites. South Africa leases a site for a meteorological station on Gough Island.
Niue's remoteness, as well as cultural and linguistic differences between its Polynesian inhabitants and those of the rest of the Cook Islands, have caused it to be separately administered. The population of the island continues to drop (from a peak of 5,200 in 1966 to 2,100 in 2000) with substantial emigration to New Zealand.
Birth rate 11.93 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) NA births/1,000 population
Budget revenues: $13.09 million


expenditures: $32.16 million


note: revenue data reflect locally raised revenues only; the budget deficit is resolved by grant aid from the United Kingdom (FY06/07 est.)
revenues:
$NA

expenditures:
$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
Capital name: Jamestown


geographic coordinates: 15 56 S, 5 44 W


time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Alofi
Climate Saint Helena: tropical marine; mild, tempered by trade winds


Ascension Island: tropical marine; mild, semi-arid


Tristan da Cunha: temperate marine; mild, tempered by trade winds (tends to be cooler than Saint Helena)
tropical; modified by southeast trade winds
Coastline Saint Helena: 60 km


Ascension Island: NA


Tristan da Cunha: 40 km
64 km
Constitution 1 January 1989 19 October 1974 (Niue Constitution Act)
Country name conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Saint Helena
conventional long form:
none

conventional short form:
Niue

former:
Savage Island
Currency - New Zealand dollar (NZD)
Death rate 6.63 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) NA deaths/1,000 population
Debt - external $NA $NA
Dependency status overseas territory of the UK self-governing in free association with New Zealand; Niue fully responsible for internal affairs; New Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs
Diplomatic representation from the US none (overseas territory of the UK) none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand)
Diplomatic representation in the US none (overseas territory of the UK) none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand)
Disputes - international none none
Economic aid - recipient $29.56 million obtained in a grant from the United Kingdom (FY06/07) $8.3 million (1995)
Economy - overview The economy depends largely on financial assistance from the UK, which will amount to about $27 million in FY06/07 or almost 70% of annual budgetary revenues. The local population earns income from fishing, raising livestock, and sales of handicrafts. Because there are few jobs, 25% of the work force has left to seek employment on Ascension Island, on the Falklands, and in the UK. Government expenditures regularly exceed revenues, and the shortfall is made up by critically needed grants from New Zealand that are used to pay wages to public employees. Niue has cut government expenditures by reducing the public service by almost half. The agricultural sector consists mainly of subsistence gardening, although some cash crops are grown for export. Industry consists primarily of small factories to process passion fruit, lime oil, honey, and coconut cream. The sale of postage stamps to foreign collectors is an important source of revenue. The island in recent years has suffered a serious loss of population because of migration of Niueans to New Zealand. Efforts to increase GDP include the promotion of tourism and a financial services industry.
Electricity - consumption 7.44 million kWh (2005) 2.8 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2005) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2005) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 8 million kWh (2005) 3 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Queen Mary's Peak on Tristan da Cunha 2,062 m; Green Mountain on Ascension Island 859 m; Mount Actaeon on Saint Helena Island 818 m
lowest point:
Pacific Ocean 0 m

highest point:
unnamed location near Mutalau settlement 68 m
Environment - current issues NA increasing attention to conservationist practices to counter loss of soil fertility from traditional slash and burn agriculture
Environment - international agreements - party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification

signed, but not ratified:
Law of the Sea
Ethnic groups African descent 50%, white 25%, Chinese 25% Polynesian (with some 200 Europeans, Samoans, and Tongans)
Exchange rates Saint Helenian pounds per US dollar - 0.4993 (2007), 0.5434 (2006), 0.5493 (2005), 0.5462 (2004), 0.6125 (2003)


note: the Saint Helenian pound is on par with the British pound
New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 2.2502 (January 2001), 2.1863 (2000), 1.8886 (1999), 1.8629 (1998), 1.5082 (1997), 1.4543 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)


head of government: Governor and Commander in Chief Andrew GURR (since 11 November 2007)


cabinet: Executive Council consists of the governor, three ex-officio officers, and five elected members of the Legislative Council


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor is appointed by the monarch
chief of state:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and New Zealand are represented by New Zealand High Commissioner John BRYAN (since NA May 2000)

head of government:
Premier Sani LAKATANI (since 1 April 1999)

cabinet:
Cabinet consists of the premier and three ministers

elections:
the monarch is hereditary; premier elected by the Legislative Assembly for a three-year term; election last held 19 March 1999 (next to be held NA March 2002)

election results:
Sani LAKATANI elected premier; percent of Legislative Assembly vote - NA%
Exports 0 bbl/day (2004) $117,500 (f.o.b., 1989)
Exports - commodities fish (frozen, canned, and salt-dried skipjack, tuna), coffee, handicrafts canned coconut cream, copra, honey, passion fruit products, pawpaws, root crops, limes, footballs, stamps, handicrafts
Exports - partners Tanzania 37.7%, US 17.4%, Japan 15.2%, UK 8.4%, Nigeria 4.8%, Spain 4.5% (2006) NZ 89%, Fiji, Cook Islands, Australia
Fiscal year 1 April - 31 March 1 April - 31 March
Flag description blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Saint Helenian shield centered on the outer half of the flag; the shield features a rocky coastline and three-masted sailing ship yellow with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the flag of the UK bears five yellow five-pointed stars - a large one on a blue disk in the center and a smaller one on each arm of the bold red cross
GDP - purchasing power parity - $4.5 million (1997 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
agriculture:
NA%

industry:
NA%

services:
NA%
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $2,800 (1997 est.)
GDP - real growth rate NA% NA%
Geographic coordinates Saint Helena: 15 57 S, 5 42 W


Ascension Island: 7 57 S, 14 22 W


Tristan da Cunha island group: 37 15 S, 12 30 W
19 02 S, 169 52 W
Geography - note Saint Helena harbors at least 40 species of plants unknown anywhere else in the world; Ascension is a breeding ground for sea turtles and sooty terns; Queen Mary's Peak on Tristan da Cunha is the highest island mountain in the South Atlantic and a prominent landmark on the sea lanes around southern Africa one of world's largest coral islands
Highways - total:
234 km

paved:
86 km

unpaved:
148 km (106 km of which is access and plantation road) (2001)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Imports 64.07 bbl/day (2004) $4.1 million (c.i.f., 1989)
Imports - commodities food, beverages, tobacco, fuel oils, animal feed, building materials, motor vehicles and parts, machinery and parts food, live animals, manufactured goods, machinery, fuels, lubricants, chemicals, drugs
Imports - partners UK 53.5%, South Africa 14.3%, Spain 10.3%, Tanzania 8.5%, US 4.6% (2006) NZ 59%, Fiji 20%, Japan 13%, Samoa, Australia, US
Independence none (overseas territory of the UK) on 19 October 1974, Niue became a self-governing parliamentary government in free association with New Zealand
Industrial production growth rate NA% NA%
Industries construction, crafts (furniture, lacework, fancy woodwork), fishing, philatelic sales tourism, handicrafts, food processing
Infant mortality rate total: 17.67 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 21.19 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 13.98 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
NA deaths/1,000 live births
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 3.2% (1997 est.) 1% (1995)
International organization participation UPU ACP, ESCAP (associate), FAO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UNESCO, WHO, WMO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 1 (2000)
Irrigated land NA NA sq km
Judicial branch Magistrate's Court; Supreme Court; Court of Appeal Supreme Court of New Zealand; High Court of Niue
Labor force 2,486


note: 1,200 work offshore (1998 est.)
450 (1992 est.)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture: 6%


industry: 48%


services: 46% (1987 est.)
most work on family plantations; paid work exists only in government service, small industry, and the Niue Development Board
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land: 12.9%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 87.1% (2005)
arable land:
19%

permanent crops:
8%

permanent pastures:
4%

forests and woodland:
19%

other:
50% (1993 est.)
Languages English Polynesian closely related to Tongan and Samoan, English
Legal system English common law and statutes, supplemented by local statutes English common law
Legislative branch unicameral Legislative Council (16 seats, including the speaker, three ex officio and 12 elected members; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 31 August 2005 (next to be held in 2009)


election results: percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 12
unicameral Legislative Assembly (20 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms; six elected from a common roll and 14 are village representatives)

elections:
last held 19 March 1999 (next to be held NA March 2002)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NPP 9, independents 11
Life expectancy at birth total population: 78.09 years


male: 75.19 years


female: 81.15 years (2007 est.)
total population:
NA years

male:
NA years

female:
NA years
Literacy definition: age 20 and over can read and write


total population: 97%


male: 97%


female: 98% (1987 est.)
definition:
NA

total population:
95%

male:
NA%

female:
NA%
Location islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, about midway between South America and Africa; Ascension Island lies 700 nm northwest of Saint Helena; Tristan da Cunha lies 2300 nm southwest of Saint Helena Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Tonga
Map references Africa Oceania
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine - none (2000 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of the UK defense is the responsibility of New Zealand
Military branches - Police Force
National holiday Birthday of Queen ELIZABETH II, second Saturday in June (1926) Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840)
Nationality noun: Saint Helenian(s)


adjective: Saint Helenian


note: referred to locally as "Saints"
noun:
Niuean(s)

adjective:
Niuean
Natural hazards active volcanism on Tristan da Cunha, last eruption in 1961 typhoons
Natural resources fish, lobster fish, arable land
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) NA migrant(s)/1,000 population
Political parties and leaders none Niue People's Action Party or NPP [Sani LAKATANI]
Political pressure groups and leaders none NA
Population 7,543


note: only Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha islands are inhabited (July 2007 est.)
2,124 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA%
Population growth rate 0.53% (2007 est.) 0.5% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors - none; offshore anchorage only
Radio broadcast stations Saint Helena: AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0


Ascension: AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 1 (2005)
AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios - 1,000 (1997)
Railways - 0 km
Religions Anglican (majority), Baptist, Seventh-Day Adventist, Roman Catholic Ekalesia Niue (Niuean Church - a Protestant church closely related to the London Missionary Society) 75%, Latter-Day Saints 10%, other 15% (mostly Roman Catholic, Jehovah's Witnesses, Seventh-Day Adventist)
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.036 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.056 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.863 male(s)/female


total population: 1.031 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
-
Suffrage NA years of age 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: can communicate worldwide


domestic: automatic digital network


international: country code (Saint Helena) - 290, (Ascension Island) - 247; international direct dialing; satellite voice and data communications; satellite earth stations - 5 (Ascension Island - 4, Saint Helena - 1)
general assessment:
primitive system

domestic:
single-line telephone system connects all villages on island

international:
NA
Telephones - main lines in use 2,200 (2002) 376 (1991)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 0 (1991)
Television broadcast stations 0 (3 television channels are received via satellite and distributed by UHF) (2005) 1 (1997)
Terrain the islands of this group result from volcanic activity associated with the Atlantic Mid-Ocean Ridge


Saint Helena: rugged, volcanic; small scattered plateaus and plains


Ascension: surface covered by lava flows and cinder cones of 44 dormant volcanoes; ground rises to the east


Tristan da Cunha: sheer cliffs line the coastline of the nearly circular island; the flanks of the central volcanic peak are deeply dissected; narrow coastal plain lies between The Peak and the coastal cliffs
steep limestone cliffs along coast, central plateau
Total fertility rate 1.55 children born/woman (2007 est.) NA children born/woman
Transportation - note there is no air connection to Saint Helena or Tristan da Cunha; an international airport for Saint Helena is in development for 2010 -
Unemployment rate 14% (1998 est.) NA%
Waterways - none
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